Humana Inc.

Price story Before the numbers, the tape. A stock price moves through four repeating seasons: a flat base (stage 1), an advance (2), a top (3), a decline (4). Where the price sits in that cycle frames everything below.

Humana Inc. trades at $362, in a confirmed uptrend and 3 weeks into that stage. That is +36.0% against its own 200-day average. It sits at 84% of a 52-week range of $165 to $400. On relative strength it has been ahead of the S&P 500 on a trailing-13-week view for 15 straight weeks.

Today the stock is in a confirmed uptrend — week 3 of stage 2. At $362 it trades +36.0% versus its 200-day average and sits at 84% of its 52-week range ($165–$400).

Against the market, two honest reads. Cumulative: over the last 10.1 years the stock moved +129% while the S&P 500 moved +263% — behind the index over the full window. Recent form: on a trailing-13-week view the stock has been ahead for 15 straight weeks — the ribbon below is that same metric, week by week.

What would end the trend, mechanically: two Friday closes in a row below the 200-day line. That is the exit rule — no debates.

Valuation P/E is the price of $1 of annual profit: how many dollars the market pays for each dollar the company earns in a year.

Humana Inc. trades at 35.4× P/E, at the pricey end of its own range (96th percentile). Its long-run median P/E is 21.4×, measured across 4.3 years of weekly readings. This places the multiple against the stock’s own record, and says nothing about what the business is worth.

Today's P/E of 35.4× is at the pricey end of its own range (96th percentile), against a long-run median of 21.4× measured over 4.3 years of weekly readings. This is a comparison against the stock's own history — not a claim about what it is worth.

🚨 Why the multiple sits where it does: over the past year annual EPS moved −1.4% against a +46.5% price move — the price outran earnings, pushing the multiple UP its own range.

The price move, decomposed: over 3y, of the −9.2%/yr price move, ~−29.6%/yr came from earnings growth and ~+20.4 pp from the multiple (expanding). The split is the honest approximate (price return minus earnings growth); it makes the rally itself visible instead of hiding it behind the percentile.

Put together: the multiple is full against its own past, so the story rests on the earnings line underneath it, not the multiple.

Stage: Turning around Every business sits somewhere on a fundamental arc, and this page names the spot before anything else. The last twelve quarters of revenue, profit and EPS growth — plus the return the business earns on its capital — are read as curves: Deteriorating (the curves are falling), Turning around (a trough has just formed and the last few quarters lift off it), Improving (the climb off the trough is sustained), Consistent (steadily positive with healthy returns), Topping out (still high but decelerating from the peak). When the curves genuinely disagree the read is Mixed; too little history is No read. CAGR (compound annual growth rate) is the smooth yearly pace that turns the starting value into the latest one — the fairest way to compare growth across different time spans. Read the columns together: if the 1-year number towers over the 10-year, recent growth is running hotter than the long-run trend. A dash means that window is not held, or the base year was a loss (where a growth rate is not meaningful).

Humana Inc. reads as turning around on its fundamental arc. Turning around — profit growth swung from −51.0% at the trough to −34.3% off a 5-quarter-old trough, ROE slipping at 6.8%. The read is built from 12 quarters across 4 curves, on partial evidence.

Why it matters: growth inflections are where re-ratings start — the curves say a turn is forming, so the question becomes whether the next quarters confirm it.

Return readings here are annual, not quarterly — read as level and direction only; they can confirm the growth curves but never drive the stage on their own.

A partial read: at least one curve is short, or the returns curve is not the computed quarterly series — hold the stage word a little more loosely.

4-Factor Sector Score

46.6/100 — rank 5 of 11 in Healthcare Plans · 58% evidence confidence

Humana Inc. scores 46.6 out of 100 against the 11 companies it is compared with in Healthcare Plans, ranking 5. Fill the missing evidence before acting; the ranking is deliberately pulled toward neutral.

The four contributions add to the total exactly: 13.8 + 7.5 + 9.5 + 15.8 = 46.6. This is the SAME number shown on the sector comparison — it is computed once, for the whole peer set, and read here.

What would change it: The read weakens if profit growth turns negative or margin improvement reverses while sector-relative strength deteriorates.

Revenue Revenue is the top line: everything the company billed its customers in the period.

Humana Inc. reported $39.6 B of revenue in the Mar 26 quarter, +23.5% year on year. That is the 12th straight quarter of year-on-year growth. Over 4 years it has compounded at 11.8% a year. The last full year, FY25, came in at $130 B. The last four reported quarters add to $137 B.

FY25 revenue came in at $130 B (+10.1% on the year), capping 4 years at 11.8% compound. The latest quarter (Mar 26) printed $39.6 B, +23.5% year on year — the 12th consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth.

Pace check: the last four quarters averaged +13.9% growth against the decade's 11.8% — the current year is running faster than its own long-run rate.

Acceleration check: trailing-twelve-month revenue grew +14.1% over the last 4 quarters against +12.1%/yr over the last 8 — stabilising; TTM profit −34.3% vs −24.6%/yr — rolling over.

Operating margin Operating margin is what is left of every $100 of sales after running the business, before interest and tax. It is the cleanest read on pricing power and cost control.

Humana Inc.'s operating margin is 4.4% in the Mar 26 quarter, −1.9 percentage points against the same quarter a year ago. Across 5 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 2.1% to 4.1%. The current quarter is running above every full year in that window.

The latest quarter's operating margin is 4.4%, −1.9 pp against the same quarter a year ago. Across 5 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 2.1%–4.1%.

Why: the numbers show the operating margin move clearly, but the cost lines behind it sit below what we hold — so we state the move without inventing its driver.

Net profit Net profit is what survives every cost, interest and tax — the number EPS, dividends and book value all grow from.

Humana Inc. earned $1.2 B of net profit in the Mar 26 quarter, −4.8% year on year. Full-year FY25 profit was $1.2 B. The 4-year compound rate is −20.0%. That is 3.0% of the quarter's revenue. The same quarter a year earlier earned $1.2 B. 3 of the last 12 reported quarters were loss-making.

Mar 26 profit was $1.2 B, −4.8% year on year. On the full year, FY25 printed $1.2 B (−0.8%), and the 4-year compound rate is −20.0%.

🚨 Why profit moved: revenue contributed +23.5% and the margin −1.9 pp — the quarter was revenue-led, with the margin roughly flat.

Pace comparison, last four quarters: profit −28.6% vs revenue +13.9%. Profit is growing slower than sales — costs are eating the growth before it reaches the bottom line.

Cash flow — the router The P&L says what was earned; the cash-flow statement says what actually arrived. Operating cash flow (CFO) against profit is the cleanest lie detector in the accounts.

Over the last 3 fiscal years 161% of Humana Inc.'s reported profit arrived as operating cash — the cash follows the profit. In FY25 that was $0.9 B of operating cash against $1.2 B of profit. After $0.6 B of capital spending, $0.4 B was left as free cash.

FY25: operating cash of $0.9 B against reported profit of $1.2 B, leaving free cash of $0.4 B after $0.6 B of capital spending. Across the last 3 fiscal years the conversion rate is 161% of profit.

Cash-flow readings here are annual — that is the resolution our series carries, so this section moves once a year.

Why: conversion is measured cleanly, but the working-capital day-counts behind it sit below what we hold — the move is shown without inventing its driver.

Router verdict: the visible cash user is investment — the next section checks what the spending is buying.

Where the cash goes Working capital is the cash tied up between paying suppliers and getting paid: debtor days (customers owe), inventory days (stock waits), and the cash conversion cycle (the whole loop, in days of sales).

Humana Inc. does not report the debtor, inventory and payable day-counts a cash cycle is built from, so this section reads the investment side instead. Capital spending ran $2.0 B over the last 3 years. Averaged over those years that is 0.5% of FY25 revenue a year.

Working-capital day-counts are not in our numbers for this stock, so this section reads the investment side — where the cash is being put to work.

On the investment side: capital spending of $2.0 B over the last 3 fiscal years.

The synthesis: the cash is going into capacity, not disappearing into the cycle — the question becomes whether the new capacity earns.

Return on equity Return on equity (ROE) is the profit the business earns on its shareholders’ money. With the full capital-employed split not in our numbers, ROE is the cleanest long ladder we can draw here.

Humana Inc. earns a ROE of 7% in FY25. Return on invested capital clears the cost of that capital by +0.9 percentage points, so growth here adds value rather than only size. The wiring behind it is 0.9% net margin on 2.65× asset turns.

FY25 ROE is 7%.

Why the return is what it is — the wiring (FY25): 0.9% net margin × 2.65× asset turns × 2.76× balance-sheet leverage ≈ 6.6% on equity. Margin does its share; leverage is a meaningful part of the equation.

The capstone test — ROIC − WACC: 8.1% − 7.2% = a +0.9 pp spread. The 7.2% is an estimate of this company's own cost of capital — read the sign and the size of the spread, not the decimals. Positive but thin — value creation with little room for error.

Dividend A dividend is cash paid out per share. Dividend per share is the declared amount for the period; the trailing twelve-month total is the four most recent quarters added together.

Humana Inc. paid $3.54 per share over the last four reported quarters, up 12.4% on a year ago. The most recent declaration was $0.89 for Mar 26. Against the current price of $362 that is a trailing yield of 0.98%, measured on dividends already paid rather than on a forecast.

Humana Inc. paid $3.54 per share across the last four reported quarters, most recently $0.89 for Mar 26. That is up 12.4% against the same quarter a year earlier. Against the current price of $362 the trailing twelve months work out to 0.98% — trailing dividends measured against today's price, not a forward estimate.

Debt Debt-to-equity says how much of the business is funded by borrowings; interest cover says how many times operating profit pays the interest bill. Low and high, respectively, is the safe corner.

Debt-to-equity is 0.76 at the latest reading — modestly levered; a full borrowings history is not in our numbers.

We hold only the latest reading here: a debt-to-equity of 0.76 — a modest level of leverage behind the returns above. A year-by-year borrowings ladder is not in our numbers for this stock, so we say that rather than draw a chart we cannot support.

Ownership There is no quarter-by-quarter holder register to read here, so we read the crowd through short interest — the slice of tradable shares currently sold short, positioned for a fall.

3.5% of Humana Inc.'s tradable float is currently sold short — some money is positioned against it. At typical trading volumes those positions would take about 2.8 days to buy back. There is no quarter-by-quarter holder register to read for this filer, so the crowd is read through short interest instead.

The latest reading: 3.5% of the float is sold short, and at typical trading volumes it would take about 2.8 days to buy those positions back. Some money is positioned against it. This is a single point-in-time reading — we do not yet hold its history, so we show no trend chart.

Why it sits there: who is doing the shorting, and why, does not travel with the number — the level is shown without inventing its story.

Safety line The Z-score estimates how far a company sits from balance-sheet distress — above roughly 3 is safe, below roughly 1.8 is the danger zone. It was built for manufacturers, so it is not applied to banks and lenders.

Humana Inc.: the Z-score is not available for this stock, so we say so rather than invent one. It is a distance-to-distress estimate from the balance sheet, not a forecast of failure. The debt, cash-flow and return sections above carry the balance-sheet evidence this page does hold, and each of them states its own reporting date.

The safety line in one sentence: the Z-score is not available for this stock, so we say so rather than invent one.

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