Aeroflex Industries Ltd
AEROFLEXAeroflex Industries Ltd's price has outrun its earnings. +133.1% in a year against EPS +3.4% — the market is paying now for delivery later.
The sharpest disagreement: the price moved +133.1% in a year while annual EPS moved +3.4% — the difference is re-rating, and re-rating has to be repaid with earnings.
The price is in a confirmed uptrend (24 weeks in) while the P/E sits at the 89th percentile of its own 3-year range. Underneath, the last four quarters read improving — profit +171.4% year on year, and 91% of the last 3 years' profit arrived as cash. What settles it: whether earnings grow into a price that has already moved.
Price story Before the numbers, the tape. A stock price moves through four repeating seasons: a flat base (stage 1), an advance (2), a top (3), a decline (4). Where the price sits in that cycle frames everything below.
Aeroflex Industries Ltd trades at ₹435, in a confirmed uptrend and 24 weeks into that stage. That is +39.8% against its own 200-day average. It sits at 79% of a 52-week range of ₹159 to ₹511. On relative strength it is currently behind the NIFTY 500 on a trailing-13-week view (4 weeks and counting).
Today the stock is in a confirmed uptrend — week 24 of stage 2, confirmed. At ₹435 it trades +39.8% versus its 200-day average and sits at 79% of its 52-week range (₹159–₹511).
Against the market, two honest reads. Cumulative: over the last 2.9 years the stock moved +164% while the NIFTY 500 moved +36% — ahead of the index over the full window. Recent form: on a trailing-13-week view the stock is currently behind (4 weeks and counting; last ahead the week of 2026-07-03) — the ribbon below is that same metric, week by week.
What would end the trend, mechanically: two Friday closes in a row below the 200-day line. That is the exit rule — no debates.
Valuation P/E is the price of ₹1 of annual profit: how many rupees the market pays for each rupee the company earns in a year.
Aeroflex Industries Ltd trades at 85.8× P/E, at the pricey end of its own range (89th percentile). Its long-run median P/E is 50.6×, measured across 2.9 years of weekly readings. This places the multiple against the stock’s own record, and says nothing about what the business is worth.
Today's P/E of 85.8× is at the pricey end of its own range (89th percentile), against a long-run median of 50.6× measured over 2.9 years of weekly readings. This is a comparison against the stock's own history — not a claim about what it is worth.
🚨 Why the multiple sits where it does: over the past year annual EPS moved +3.4% against a +133.1% price move — the price outran earnings, pushing the multiple UP its own range.
The price move, decomposed: over 3y, of the +38.2%/yr price move, ~+21.8%/yr came from earnings growth and ~+16.4 pp from the multiple (expanding). The split is the honest approximate (price return minus earnings growth); it makes the rally itself visible instead of hiding it behind the percentile.
Put together: the multiple is full against its own past, so the story rests on the earnings line underneath it, not the multiple.
Stage: Improving Every business sits somewhere on a fundamental arc, and this page names the spot before anything else. The last twelve quarters of revenue, profit and EPS growth — plus the return the business earns on its capital — are read as curves: Deteriorating (the curves are falling), Turning around (a trough has just formed and the last few quarters lift off it), Improving (the climb off the trough is sustained), Consistent (steadily positive with healthy returns), Topping out (still high but decelerating from the peak). When the curves genuinely disagree the read is Mixed; too little history is No read. CAGR (compound annual growth rate) is the smooth yearly pace that turns the starting value into the latest one — the fairest way to compare growth across different time spans. Read the columns together: if the 1-year number towers over the 10-year, recent growth is running hotter than the long-run trend. A dash means that window is not held, or the base year was a loss (where a growth rate is not meaningful).
Aeroflex Industries Ltd reads as improving on its fundamental arc. Improving — EPS growth bottomed 7 quarters ago at −32.9% and has held its recovery at +40.2%, ROCE holding at 18.8%. The read is built from 11 quarters across 4 curves, on full evidence.
Why it matters: a sustained climb off the trough is the setup this page is built to catch — the question moves to what you pay for it.
| 1yr | 3yr | 5yr | 10yr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | +17.6% | +18.0% | +25.1% | — |
| Profit | +5.7% | +23.1% | +56.3% | — |
| EPS | +3.4% | +16.7% | +9.8% | — |
| Share price | +133.1% | +38.2% | — | — |
4-Factor Sector Score
65.6/100 — rank 1 of 4 in Stainless Steel · 97% evidence confidence
Aeroflex Industries Ltd scores 65.6 out of 100 against the 4 companies it is compared with in Stainless Steel, ranking 1. Confirmed research leader: earnings, capital efficiency and relative strength agree. Move to management, catalyst and risk diligence.
The four contributions add to the total exactly: 26 + 17.4 + 2.2 + 20 = 65.6. This is the SAME number shown on the sector comparison — it is computed once, for the whole peer set, and read here.
What would change it: The read weakens if profit growth turns negative or margin improvement reverses while sector-relative strength deteriorates.
Revenue Revenue is the top line: everything the company billed its customers in the period.
Aeroflex Industries Ltd reported ₹145 Cr of revenue in the Jun 26 quarter, +72.6% year on year. That is the 4th straight quarter of year-on-year growth. Over 6 years it has compounded at 20.6% a year. The last full year, FY26, came in at ₹442 Cr. The last four reported quarters add to ₹503 Cr.
FY26 revenue came in at ₹442 Cr (+17.6% on the year), capping 6 years at 20.6% compound. The latest quarter (Jun 26) printed ₹145 Cr, +72.6% year on year — the 4th consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth.
Pace check: the last four quarters averaged +36.8% growth against the decade's 20.6% — the current year is running faster than its own long-run rate.
Acceleration check: trailing-twelve-month revenue grew +35.6% over the last 4 quarters against +24.4%/yr over the last 8 — accelerating; TTM profit +42.6% vs +24.8%/yr — accelerating.
Operating margin Operating margin is what is left of every ₹100 of sales after running the business, before interest and tax. It is the cleanest read on pricing power and cost control.
Aeroflex Industries Ltd's operating margin is 23.0% in the Jun 26 quarter, +5.0 percentage points against the same quarter a year ago. That is the widest this company has ever printed on a full-year basis. Across 7 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 15.0% to 23.0%. The current quarter sits inside that band.
The latest quarter's operating margin is 23.0%, +5.0 pp against the same quarter a year ago. Across 7 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 15.0%–23.0%, and FY26's 23.0% is the top of that band — a record year.
Why the margin moved: operating margin went +4.7 pp year on year while gross margin went +3.1 pp — the gain came mostly from the gross line: input costs and pricing.
Worth repeating from the valuation section: cheap against its own history on record margins is not the same thing as cheap — a record margin flatters every ratio built on top of it.
Net profit Net profit is what survives every cost, interest and tax — the number EPS, dividends and book value all grow from.
Aeroflex Industries Ltd earned ₹19.0 Cr of net profit in the Jun 26 quarter, +171.4% year on year. It is the 3rd consecutive quarter of growth. Full-year FY26 profit was ₹56.0 Cr. The 6-year compound rate is 49.6%. That is 13.1% of the quarter's revenue. The same quarter a year earlier earned ₹7.0 Cr.
Jun 26 profit was ₹19.0 Cr, +171.4% year on year — the 3rd consecutive quarter of growth. On the full year, FY26 printed ₹56.0 Cr (+5.7%), and the 6-year compound rate is 49.6%.
Why profit moved: revenue contributed +72.6% and the margin +5.0 pp — the quarter was margin-led: most of the profit growth came from keeping more of each sale.
Pace comparison, last four quarters: profit +60.4% vs revenue +36.8%. Profit is growing faster than sales — fixed costs are being spread over a bigger base, and each extra rupee of revenue drops more to the bottom line.
Cash flow — the router The P&L says what was earned; the cash-flow statement says what actually arrived. Operating cash flow (CFO) against profit is the cleanest lie detector in the accounts.
Over the last 3 fiscal years 91% of Aeroflex Industries Ltd's reported profit arrived as operating cash — the cash follows the profit. In FY26 that was ₹66.0 Cr of operating cash against ₹56.0 Cr of profit. After ₹80.0 Cr of capital spending, ₹−14.0 Cr was left as free cash.
FY26: operating cash of ₹66.0 Cr against reported profit of ₹56.0 Cr, leaving free cash of ₹−14.0 Cr after ₹80.0 Cr of capital spending. Across the last 3 fiscal years the conversion rate is 91% of profit.
Cash-flow readings here are annual — that is the resolution our series carries, so this section moves once a year.
Why conversion sits at 91%: the cash cycle stretched 50 days between FY21 and FY26 — more of each rupee of profit waits inside the cycle before arriving.
Router verdict: the bigger cash user is investment — capital spending ran 5.2× depreciation over three years, so the next section's job is to check what that build-out is buying.
Where the cash goes Working capital is the cash tied up between paying suppliers and getting paid: debtor days (customers owe), inventory days (stock waits), and the cash conversion cycle (the whole loop, in days of sales).
Aeroflex Industries Ltd's cash conversion cycle runs 112 days in FY26, up from 62 days in FY21. Capital spending ran ₹222 Cr over the last 3 years. At FY26 sales of ₹442 Cr each day of that cycle holds about ₹1.2 Cr, so roughly ₹136 Cr sits inside the business at any moment.
FY26: debtors at 107 days, inventory at 122 days — roughly 4.0 months of stock waiting to sell; that is where the cash sits while it waits — for a full cycle of 112 days, looser than FY21's 62.
The full loop: cash goes out to suppliers and production on day 0; stock waits 122 days to sell; customers pay about 107 days after that; and suppliers themselves are paid at 117 days — netting out to the 112-day cycle.
In money terms: at FY26 sales of ₹442 Cr, each day of the cycle holds about ₹1.2 Cr — so the 112-day loop keeps roughly ₹136 Cr sitting inside the business at any moment.
On the investment side: capital spending of ₹222 Cr over the last 3 fiscal years against ₹43.0 Cr of depreciation — the company is building well ahead of wear-and-tear. Capital work-in-progress stands at ₹23.0 Cr (FY26) — capacity paid for but not yet earning.
The synthesis: the cash is going into capacity, not disappearing into the cycle — the question becomes whether the new capacity earns.
Return on capital Return on capital employed (ROCE) is the profit the whole business earns on all the money in it — equity and debt together. It is the single best test of whether growth creates value or just size.
Aeroflex Industries Ltd earns a ROCE of 19% in FY26. That is up from a trough of 17% in FY21. Return on invested capital clears the cost of that capital by +5.3 percentage points, so growth here adds value rather than only size. The wiring behind it is 12.7% net margin on 0.78× asset turns.
FY26 ROCE is 19%, recovered from a FY21 trough of 17% — the full ladder below shows the fall and the climb, undoctored.
Why the return is what it is — the wiring (FY26): 12.7% net margin × 0.78× asset turns × 1.26× balance-sheet leverage ≈ 12.5% on equity. Margin does its share; leverage is modest — this is an earned return, not a borrowed one.
The capstone test — ROIC − WACC: 17.3% − 12.0% = a +5.3 pp spread. The 12.0% is a standing assumption for the cost of capital in India, not a per-stock estimate — read the sign and the size of the spread, not the decimals. A spread this wide means every rupee reinvested creates more than a rupee of value — the engine compounds.
Debt Debt-to-equity says how much of the business is funded by borrowings. Low is the safe corner; the trend matters as much as the level.
Aeroflex Industries Ltd carries total debt of ₹9.0 Cr against shareholder equity of ₹447 Cr as of Mar 26, a debt-to-equity of 0.02 — effectively unlevered. On the annual view that ratio went from 0.39 in FY23 to 0.02 in FY26. The returns elsewhere on this page are therefore earned rather than borrowed.
Mar 26: total debt of ₹9.0 Cr against shareholder equity of ₹447 Cr — a debt-to-equity of 0.02. On the annual view, debt-to-equity went from 0.39 (FY23) to 0.02 (FY26). The returns on this page are earned, not borrowed.
Ownership Who owns the stock, quarter by quarter: promoters (the controlling owners), foreign and domestic institutions, and the public. Steady accumulation by people close to the numbers is a signal; a quiet register is also an answer.
Domestic institutions cut 4.1 points of Aeroflex Industries Ltd over 8 quarters, the biggest move on the register. That takes domestic institutions to 1.5% of the company. Foreign institutions moved +3.5 points over the same window, to 3.6%. The register is read on the four disclosed classes only; nothing is inferred between filings.
The register over the last two years — Domestic institutions: −4.1 points over 8 quarters to 1.5%; Foreign institutions: +3.5 points over 8 quarters to 3.6%; Promoters: −1.5 points over 8 quarters to 65.5%.
Why the register moved: rotation — foreign institutions +3.5 points against domestic institutions −4.1 points over 8 quarters, with promoters −1.5 points — one class of institutions handing the register to the other, not a verdict change by the people closest to the numbers.
Safety line The Z-score estimates how far a company sits from balance-sheet distress — above roughly 3 is safe, below roughly 1.8 is the danger zone. It was built for manufacturers, so it is not applied to banks and lenders.
Aeroflex Industries Ltd: the Z-score is not available for this stock, so we say so rather than invent one. It is a distance-to-distress estimate from the balance sheet, not a forecast of failure. The debt, cash-flow and return sections above carry the balance-sheet evidence this page does hold, and each of them states its own reporting date.
The safety line in one sentence: the Z-score is not available for this stock, so we say so rather than invent one.
| Company | Score | Price stage | Growth & earnings/35 | Capital efficiency/25 | Valuation/20 | Relative strength/20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1Aeroflex Industries Ltdthis pageAEROFLEX | 65.6/100Favorable setup97% evidence | LEADER | 26.0/35 Revenue 35.6% · PAT 42.5% · OPM change 5 pp 100% evidence | 17.4/25 ROCE 18.9% · OPM 23% 100% evidence | 2.2/20 P/E 85.8× · PEG 2.97 85% evidence | 20.0/20 RS sector 43% · RS bench 64.8% · 1Y 111.5%12 of 12 weeks ahead 100% evidence |
| Exact sum: 26 + 17.4 + 2.2 + 20 = 65.6 · Decision use: Confirmed research leader: earnings, capital efficiency and relative strength agree. Move to management, catalyst and risk diligence. | ||||||
| 2Jindal Stainless LtdJSL | 57.4/100Mixed-positive evidence86% evidence | ASLEEP | 25.8/35 Revenue 9.3% · PAT 27.4% · OPM change 3 pp 88% evidence | 16.8/25 ROCE 19.3% · OPM 13% 100% evidence | 14.2/20 P/E 18.7× · PEG 0.89 50% evidence | 0.6/20 RS sector -21.2% · RS bench -3.9% · 1Y 12%0 of 12 weeks ahead 100% evidence |
| Exact sum: 25.8 + 16.8 + 14.2 + 0.6 = 57.4 · Decision use: Acceleration candidate, not a confirmed leader: earnings are strong but sector-relative strength is -21.2% and the one-year return is 12%. Do not upgrade until sector-relative strength is above zero and another reported period confirms growth. | ||||||
| 3Ratnaveer Precision Engineering LtdRATNAVEER | 57.0/100Mixed-positive evidence77% evidence | LEADER | 21.6/35 Revenue 17.4% · PAT 36.7% · OPM change 0 pp 95% evidence | 14.8/25 ROCE 18% · OPM 10% 95% evidence | 10.0/20 P/E 19.2× · PEG — 0% evidence | 10.6/20 RS sector -5% · RS bench 14.3% · 1Y 16.9%12 of 12 weeks ahead 100% evidence |
| Exact sum: 21.6 + 14.8 + 10 + 10.6 = 57 · Decision use: Balanced evidence: keep at normal research priority and require another comparable period before raising conviction. | ||||||
| 4Ratnamani Metals & Tubes LtdRATNAMANI | 31.7/100Adverse evidence75% evidence | ASLEEP | 5.5/35 Revenue -13.3% · PAT -1.3% · OPM change -4 pp 83% evidence | 17.1/25 ROCE 17.9% · OPM 14% 76% evidence | 8.5/20 P/E 33.8× · PEG — 35% evidence | 0.6/20 RS sector -20.3% · RS bench -3.9% · 1Y -12.9%5 of 12 weeks ahead 100% evidence |
| Exact sum: 5.5 + 17.1 + 8.5 + 0.6 = 31.7 · Decision use: Balanced evidence: keep at normal research priority and require another comparable period before raising conviction. | ||||||
Missing observations are not scored as bad. Their missing weight lowers confidence and pulls the final score toward neutral. PEG is not shown when the ratio cannot mean anything: the company must be making a profit, its price-to-earnings must be positive, and its three-year earnings growth must fall between 5% and 60%. Dividing a price multiple by a loss, or by growth measured off a tiny base, produces a number that looks precise and tells you nothing. Under relative strength, one mark per week shows the last 12 weeks: a mark is filled where the company led NIFTY 500 by 5% or more over the 13 weeks ending that week, which is the same test used everywhere on this site. Price stage places the company on the same six-step curve the sector itself is placed on — basing, turning, breaking out, leader, fading, asleep — read from how many weeks running it has led NIFTY 500 and whether that lead is widening or shrinking. It describes where the PRICE stands, not the earnings trajectory and not a recommendation, and it is left blank for a company whose weekly history is too short or too stale to read.
Frequently asked questions
What is Aeroflex Industries Ltd's share price today?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd trades at ₹435, +133.1% over the past year. The company is valued at ₹5,762 Cr. The stock sits at 79% of its 52-week range of ₹159–₹511, +39.8% versus its 200-day average. On the tape, the price is in a confirmed uptrend, 24 weeks in. — as of 31 July 2026.
What were Aeroflex Industries Ltd's latest quarterly results?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd reported revenue of ₹145 Cr and net profit of ₹19.0 Cr for the Jun 26 quarter. Revenue rose 72.6% and profit rose 171.4% year on year. Earnings per share were ₹1.42. The operating margin was 23.0%, 5.0 pp higher than a year earlier. — as of 31 July 2026.
What is Aeroflex Industries Ltd's revenue?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd reported revenue of ₹145 Cr in the Jun 26 quarter, +72.6% year on year. For the full FY26 fiscal year, revenue was ₹442 Cr (+17.6%). Over the last 6 years revenue compounded at 20.6% a year. — as of 31 July 2026.
What is Aeroflex Industries Ltd's profit?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd earned ₹19.0 Cr of net profit in the Jun 26 quarter, +171.4% year on year — the 3rd straight quarter of growth. Full-year FY26 profit was ₹56.0 Cr. The operating margin ran 23.0% in the latest quarter. — as of 31 July 2026.
What is Aeroflex Industries Ltd's market cap?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd's market capitalisation is ₹5,762 Cr at a share price of ₹435. Market cap is the share price multiplied by shares outstanding, so it is restated whenever the price moves. — as of 31 July 2026.
What is Aeroflex Industries Ltd's P/E ratio?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd trades at a P/E of 85.8×, at the 89th percentile of its own 3-year range, against a long-run median of 50.6×. This is a comparison with the stock's own history, not a value call — as of 31 July 2026.
Does Aeroflex Industries Ltd pay a dividend?
Yes — Aeroflex Industries Ltd's dividend payout was 10% of profit in FY26, and it recorded a payout in 4 of its last 7 reported fiscal years. This page holds the payout ratio, not a per-share amount. — as of 31 July 2026.
Is Aeroflex Industries Ltd overvalued?
On its own history, Aeroflex Industries Ltd looks expensive against its own history: its P/E of 85.8× sits at the 89th percentile of its 3-year range (long-run median 50.6×). That is a percentile read against the stock's own past, not a price opinion or a direction call. One caveat: margins are the best this company has ever printed — cheap on record margins is not the same thing as cheap. — as of 31 July 2026.
Is Aeroflex Industries Ltd growing?
Yes — Aeroflex Industries Ltd is growing: latest-quarter revenue +72.6% year on year, profit +171.4%, and the margin +5.0 pp at 23.0%. The 6-year compound rates are 20.6% (revenue) and 49.6% (profit). The earnings engine currently reads: improving — as of 31 July 2026.
How is Aeroflex Industries Ltd performing?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd is in a confirmed uptrend, 24 weeks in. Its latest quarter's revenue rose 72.6% and profit rose 171.4% year on year. Against the NIFTY 500 it has been behind on a trailing-13-week view for 4 weeks. This describes what the data did, not a rating. — as of 31 July 2026.
What stage is Aeroflex Industries Ltd in?
Improving — EPS growth bottomed 7 quarters ago at −32.9% and has held its recovery at +40.2%, ROCE holding at 18.8%. The read comes from the last 12 quarters of growth (revenue growth +35.6% latest, profit growth +42.6% latest, eps growth +40.2% latest) plus the ROCE curve, classified by deterministic rules — a trajectory read, not a buy or sell call — as of 31 July 2026.
Is Aeroflex Industries Ltd in an uptrend?
Yes — the price is in a confirmed uptrend (week 24 of stage 2), trading +39.8% versus its 200-day average and at 79% of its 52-week range. Price stages cycle base → advance → top → decline, and the stage names where this stock sits in that cycle — as of 31 July 2026.
Is Aeroflex Industries Ltd beating the market?
Not lately — on a trailing-13-week view Aeroflex Industries Ltd is currently behind the NIFTY 500 (4 weeks and counting; last ahead the week of 2026-07-03), the same metric the week-by-week ribbon on this page draws. Separately, on the cumulative view: over the last 2.9 years the stock moved +164% against the NIFTY 500's +36% — ahead of the index over the full window. — as of 31 July 2026.
Will Aeroflex Industries Ltd's share price go up?
This page publishes no price forecast for Aeroflex Industries Ltd. What it measures instead: the share price is ₹435, the price is in a confirmed uptrend 24 weeks in. Its P/E of 85.8× sits at the 89th percentile of its own 3-year range. — as of 31 July 2026.
Who owns Aeroflex Industries Ltd?
Promoters hold 65.5% of Aeroflex Industries Ltd, foreign institutions 3.6%, domestic institutions 1.5% and the public 29.4% (latest quarter). The biggest move on the register over the last two years: Domestic institutions cut 4.1 points over 8 quarters. — as of 31 July 2026.
Does Aeroflex Industries Ltd have too much debt?
No — Aeroflex Industries Ltd's debt-to-equity is 0.02, and operating profit covers the interest bill 50×. FY26 borrowings were ₹9.0 Cr against equity of ₹447 Cr. The returns on this page are earned, not borrowed — as of 31 July 2026.
What is Aeroflex Industries Ltd's capex?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd spent ₹222 Cr on capital expenditure over the last 3 fiscal years, a figure derived from the change in fixed assets plus depreciation. In FY26 alone that was ₹80.0 Cr, with ₹23.0 Cr in capital work-in-progress — capacity paid for but not yet earning. — as of 31 July 2026.
What is Aeroflex Industries Ltd's cash flow?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd generated ₹66.0 Cr of operating cash flow in FY26 and ₹−14.0 Cr of free cash flow after ₹80.0 Cr of capital spending. Reported profit that year was ₹56.0 Cr, so operating cash ran ahead of profit. Cash-flow resolution for India is annual. — as of 31 July 2026.
Is Aeroflex Industries Ltd's profit real cash?
Yes — over the last 3 fiscal years, 91% of Aeroflex Industries Ltd's reported profit arrived as operating cash. In FY26, operating cash was ₹66.0 Cr against reported profit of ₹56.0 Cr. The cash then goes mostly into building capacity. Cash-flow resolution is annual — as of 31 July 2026.
Where is Aeroflex Industries Ltd in its business cycle?
Aeroflex Industries Ltd's FY26 operating margin was 23.0%, against a 7-year band of 15.0%–23.0%: the top of the band — a record year. Record profitability is late-cycle territory: every ratio flatters at the top, and the story leans on margins holding. The latest quarter ran 23.0%. Profitability versus a company's own long band is the cleanest cycle clock this page holds — as of 31 July 2026.
What could break the Aeroflex Industries Ltd story?
The sharpest disagreement: the price moved +133.1% in a year while annual EPS moved +3.4% — the difference is re-rating, and re-rating has to be repaid with earnings. Mechanically, two Friday closes in a row below the 200-day average would end the price trend — that is the exit rule this page tracks — as of 31 July 2026.
Is Aeroflex Industries Ltd a stock worth studying right now?
This is not investment advice. The machine read: Aeroflex Industries Ltd's price has outrun its earnings. +133.1% in a year against EPS +3.4% — the market is paying now for delivery later. The sharpest open question: whether earnings grow into a price that has already moved. Every number on this page is drawn deterministically from the raw series, with no forecasts and no price opinions — as of 31 July 2026.