GMM Pfaudler Ltd
GMMPFAUDLRGMM Pfaudler Ltd's earnings have outrun its stock. EPS grew +9.2% in a year against a −17.8% price move.
The sharpest disagreement: annual EPS moved +9.2% against a −17.8% price move — the market has not yet caught up with the delivery.
The price is in a downtrend (46 weeks in) while the P/E sits at the 23rd percentile of its own 10-year range. Underneath, the last four quarters read improving — profit +120.0% year on year, and 386% of the last 3 years' profit arrived as cash. What settles it: whether the price catches up with earnings that have already moved.
Price story Before the numbers, the tape. A stock price moves through four repeating seasons: a flat base (stage 1), an advance (2), a top (3), a decline (4). Where the price sits in that cycle frames everything below.
GMM Pfaudler Ltd trades at ₹1,045, in a downtrend and 46 weeks into that stage. That is +12.0% against its own 200-day average. It sits at 54% of a 52-week range of ₹756 to ₹1,288. On relative strength it has been ahead of the NIFTY 500 on a trailing-13-week view for 4 straight weeks.
Today the stock is in a downtrend — week 46 of stage 4, confirmed. At ₹1,045 it trades +12.0% versus its 200-day average and sits at 54% of its 52-week range (₹756–₹1,288).
Against the market, two honest reads. Cumulative: over the last 10.4 years the stock moved +1,188% while the NIFTY 500 moved +278% — ahead of the index over the full window. Recent form: on a trailing-13-week view the stock has been ahead for 4 straight weeks — the ribbon below is that same metric, week by week.
What would end the trend, mechanically: two Friday closes in a row below the 200-day line. That is the exit rule — no debates.
Valuation P/E is the price of ₹1 of annual profit: how many rupees the market pays for each rupee the company earns in a year.
GMM Pfaudler Ltd trades at 37.4× P/E, near the bottom of its own range — cheaper only 23% of the time. Its long-run median P/E is 42.9×, measured across 10.4 years of weekly readings. This places the multiple against the stock’s own record, and says nothing about what the business is worth.
Today's P/E of 37.4× is near the bottom of its own range — cheaper only 23% of the time, against a long-run median of 42.9× measured over 10.4 years of weekly readings. This is a comparison against the stock's own history — not a claim about what it is worth.
Why the multiple sits where it does: over the past year annual EPS moved +9.2% against a −17.8% price move — earnings outran the price, pushing the multiple DOWN its own range.
The price move, decomposed: over 5y, of the −6.6%/yr price move, ~+7.8%/yr came from earnings growth and ~−14.4 pp from the multiple (compressing); over 10y, of the +23.7%/yr price move, ~+20.7%/yr came from earnings growth and ~+3.0 pp from the multiple (expanding). The split is the honest approximate (price return minus earnings growth); it makes the rally itself visible instead of hiding it behind the percentile.
Put together: the multiple is low against its own past, so the story rests on the earnings line underneath it, not the multiple.
The PEG ratio and its quarterly curve, which only the second data source carries, are not drawn on this page: its two data sources disagree by up to 27% on reported income across 14 comparable periods. A figure two sources cannot agree on is not drawn — the gap is a decision, not missing data.
What the price assumes This reading works the multiple backwards. It asks one question: what yearly rate of profit growth is a buyer at the market price already paying for? The number is the growth rate that makes eleven years of profit — six years growing, then five fading — add up to that day's market price, once each year is discounted at 11% a year.
At its price on 13 June 2026, GMM Pfaudler Ltd was priced for profit growth of about 32.3% a year. Profit itself has compounded 10.0% a year over the past 10 years. The market pays that at 37.4× P/E, the 23rd percentile of its own 10-year range.
What the two numbers say together. The multiple is low against its own past, and the growth the price is paying for is far above what this company has actually delivered. Both readings sit on the same earnings, so they are one reading rather than two. A multiple that looks low because earnings fell is not the same thing as a low bar to clear.
How to hold this number: it is a reading of one day's price, taken on 13 June 2026, not a running figure. A higher price is paying for more growth and a lower price for less, so it moves whenever the price does, and this page does not restate it between measurements. Every other number on this page is read off the live quote.
Stage: Turning around Every business sits somewhere on a fundamental arc, and this page names the spot before anything else. The last twelve quarters of revenue, profit and EPS growth — plus the return the business earns on its capital — are read as curves: Deteriorating (the curves are falling), Turning around (a trough has just formed and the last few quarters lift off it), Improving (the climb off the trough is sustained), Consistent (steadily positive with healthy returns), Topping out (still high but decelerating from the peak). When the curves genuinely disagree the read is Mixed; too little history is No read. CAGR (compound annual growth rate) is the smooth yearly pace that turns the starting value into the latest one — the fairest way to compare growth across different time spans. Read the columns together: if the 1-year number towers over the 10-year, recent growth is running hotter than the long-run trend. A dash means that window is not held, or the base year was a loss (where a growth rate is not meaningful).
GMM Pfaudler Ltd reads as turning around on its fundamental arc. Turning around — profit growth swung from −73.9% at the trough to +75.7%, a 3-quarter improving streak, ROCE holding at 14.0%. The read is built from 8 quarters across 4 curves, on partial evidence.
Why it matters: growth inflections are where re-ratings start — the curves say a turn is forming, so the question becomes whether the next quarters confirm it.
Return readings here are annual, not quarterly — read as level and direction only; they can confirm the growth curves but never drive the stage on their own.
A partial read: at least one curve is short, or the returns curve is not the computed quarterly series — hold the stage word a little more loosely.
| 1yr | 3yr | 5yr | 10yr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | +10.2% | +3.5% | +28.6% | +28.3% |
| Profit | +6.1% | −37.6% | −4.1% | +10.0% |
| EPS | +9.2% | −29.7% | −5.1% | +10.9% |
| Share price | −17.8% | −13.0% | −6.6% | +23.7% |
4-Factor Sector Score
62.7/100 — rank 1 of 2 in Glass - Others · 79% evidence confidence
GMM Pfaudler Ltd scores 62.7 out of 100 against the 2 companies it is compared with in Glass - Others, ranking 1. Balanced evidence: keep at normal research priority and require another comparable period before raising conviction.
The four contributions add to the total exactly: 21 + 11.6 + 10.4 + 19.7 = 62.7. This is the SAME number shown on the sector comparison — it is computed once, for the whole peer set, and read here.
What would change it: The read weakens if profit growth turns negative or margin improvement reverses while sector-relative strength deteriorates.
Revenue Revenue is the top line: everything the company billed its customers in the period.
GMM Pfaudler Ltd reported ₹925 Cr of revenue in the Jun 26 quarter, +16.4% year on year. That is the 6th straight quarter of year-on-year growth. Over 10 years it has compounded at 28.3% a year. The last full year, FY26, came in at ₹3,524 Cr. The last four reported quarters add to ₹3,655 Cr.
FY26 revenue came in at ₹3,524 Cr (+10.2% on the year), capping 10 years at 28.3% compound. The latest quarter (Jun 26) printed ₹925 Cr, +16.4% year on year — the 6th consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth.
Pace check: the last four quarters averaged +13.9% growth against the decade's 28.3% — the current year is running slower than its own long-run rate.
Acceleration check: trailing-twelve-month revenue grew +13.9% over the last 4 quarters against +4.9%/yr over the last 8 — accelerating; TTM profit +75.7% vs −32.3%/yr — accelerating.
Operating margin Operating margin is what is left of every ₹100 of sales after running the business, before interest and tax. It is the cleanest read on pricing power and cost control.
GMM Pfaudler Ltd's operating margin is 10.0% in the Jun 26 quarter, −3.0 percentage points against the same quarter a year ago. Across 13 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 11.0% to 19.0%. The current quarter is running below every full year in that window.
The latest quarter's operating margin is 10.0%, −3.0 pp against the same quarter a year ago. Across 13 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 11.0%–19.0%.
🚨 Why the margin moved: operating margin went −2.6 pp year on year while gross margin went −3.0 pp — the loss came mostly from the gross line: input costs and pricing.
Net profit Net profit is what survives every cost, interest and tax — the number EPS, dividends and book value all grow from.
GMM Pfaudler Ltd earned ₹22.0 Cr of net profit in the Jun 26 quarter, +120.0% year on year. Full-year FY26 profit was ₹52.0 Cr. The 10-year compound rate is 10.0%. That is 2.4% of the quarter's revenue. The same quarter a year earlier earned ₹10.0 Cr. 2 of the last 12 reported quarters were loss-making.
Jun 26 profit was ₹22.0 Cr, +120.0% year on year. On the full year, FY26 printed ₹52.0 Cr (+6.1%), and the 10-year compound rate is 10.0%.
Why profit moved: revenue contributed +16.4% and the margin −3.0 pp — the quarter was revenue-led despite a thinner margin.
Pace comparison, last four quarters: profit +50.8% vs revenue +13.9%. Profit is growing faster than sales — fixed costs are being spread over a bigger base, and each extra rupee of revenue drops more to the bottom line.
Cash flow — the router The P&L says what was earned; the cash-flow statement says what actually arrived. Operating cash flow (CFO) against profit is the cleanest lie detector in the accounts.
Over the last 3 fiscal years 386% of GMM Pfaudler Ltd's reported profit arrived as operating cash — the cash follows the profit. In FY26 that was ₹389 Cr of operating cash against ₹52.0 Cr of profit. After ₹498 Cr of capital spending, ₹−109 Cr was left as free cash.
FY26: operating cash of ₹389 Cr against reported profit of ₹52.0 Cr, leaving free cash of ₹−109 Cr after ₹498 Cr of capital spending. Across the last 3 fiscal years the conversion rate is 386% of profit.
Cash-flow readings here are annual — that is the resolution our series carries, so this section moves once a year.
Why conversion sits at 386%: the cash cycle tightened 245 days between FY21 and FY26 — cash that used to wait in the cycle now reaches the bank sooner.
Router verdict: the bigger cash user is investment — capital spending ran 1.6× depreciation over three years, so the next section's job is to check what that build-out is buying.
Where the cash goes Working capital is the cash tied up between paying suppliers and getting paid: debtor days (customers owe), inventory days (stock waits), and the cash conversion cycle (the whole loop, in days of sales).
GMM Pfaudler Ltd's cash conversion cycle runs 92 days in FY26, down from 337 days in FY21. Capital spending ran ₹743 Cr over the last 3 years. At FY26 sales of ₹3,524 Cr each day of that cycle holds about ₹9.7 Cr, so roughly ₹888 Cr sits inside the business at any moment.
FY26: debtors at 48 days, inventory at 167 days — roughly 5.5 months of stock waiting to sell; that is where the cash sits while it waits — for a full cycle of 92 days, tighter than FY21's 337.
The full loop: cash goes out to suppliers and production on day 0; stock waits 167 days to sell; customers pay about 48 days after that; and suppliers themselves are paid at 123 days — netting out to the 92-day cycle.
In money terms: at FY26 sales of ₹3,524 Cr, each day of the cycle holds about ₹9.7 Cr — so the 92-day loop keeps roughly ₹888 Cr sitting inside the business at any moment.
On the investment side: capital spending of ₹743 Cr over the last 3 fiscal years against ₹452 Cr of depreciation — the company is building well ahead of wear-and-tear. Capital work-in-progress stands at ₹20.0 Cr (FY26) — capacity paid for but not yet earning.
The synthesis: the cash is going into capacity, not disappearing into the cycle — the question becomes whether the new capacity earns.
Return on capital Return on capital employed (ROCE) is the profit the whole business earns on all the money in it — equity and debt together. It is the single best test of whether growth creates value or just size.
GMM Pfaudler Ltd earns a ROCE of 14% in FY26. That is up from a trough of 13% in FY22. A return-on-invested-capital spread against the cost of capital is not computable from what is held here. The wiring behind it is 1.5% net margin on 0.88× asset turns.
FY26 ROCE is 14%, recovered from a FY22 trough of 13% — the full ladder below shows the fall and the climb, undoctored.
Why the return is what it is — the wiring (FY26): 1.5% net margin × 0.88× asset turns × 3.31× balance-sheet leverage ≈ 4.4% on equity. Margin does its share; leverage is a meaningful part of the equation.
The quarterly return curves and the return-on-invested-capital overlay, which only the second data source carries, are not drawn on this page: its two data sources disagree by up to 27% on reported income across 14 comparable periods. A figure two sources cannot agree on is not drawn — the gap is a decision, not missing data.
Debt Debt-to-equity says how much of the business is funded by borrowings; interest cover says how many times operating profit pays the interest bill. Low and high, respectively, is the safe corner.
GMM Pfaudler Ltd carries ₹1,041 Cr of borrowings against ₹1,205 Cr of equity in FY26, a debt-to-equity of 0.86. Operating profit covers the interest bill 3×. Over 5 years borrowings went from ₹633 Cr to ₹1,041 Cr. Capital spending ran ₹743 Cr across the last 3 of those years.
FY26: borrowings of ₹1,041 Cr against equity of ₹1,205 Cr — a debt-to-equity of 0.86. Operating profit covers the interest bill 3×. Over 5 years borrowings went from ₹633 Cr to ₹1,041 Cr while capital spending ran ₹743 Cr in just the last 3 — part of the build-out is riding on borrowed money.
The total-debt and debt-to-equity series, which only the second data source carries, are not drawn on this page: its two data sources disagree by up to 27% on reported income across 14 comparable periods. A figure two sources cannot agree on is not drawn — the gap is a decision, not missing data.
Ownership Who owns the stock, quarter by quarter: promoters (the controlling owners), foreign and domestic institutions, and the public. Steady accumulation by people close to the numbers is a signal; a quiet register is also an answer.
Foreign institutions cut 7.8 points of GMM Pfaudler Ltd over 8 quarters, the biggest move on the register. That takes foreign institutions to 14.4% of the company. Domestic institutions moved +3.9 points over the same window, to 18.4%. The register is read on the four disclosed classes only; nothing is inferred between filings.
The register over the last two years — Foreign institutions: −7.8 points over 8 quarters to 14.4%; Domestic institutions: +3.9 points over 8 quarters to 18.4%; Promoters: +0.0 points over 8 quarters to 25.2%.
Why the register moved: rotation — foreign institutions −7.8 points against domestic institutions +3.9 points over 8 quarters, with promoters holding steady — one class of institutions handing the register to the other, not a verdict change by the people closest to the numbers.
Safety line The Z-score estimates how far a company sits from balance-sheet distress — above roughly 3 is safe, below roughly 1.8 is the danger zone. It was built for manufacturers, so it is not applied to banks and lenders.
GMM Pfaudler Ltd: the Z-score is not available for this stock, so we say so rather than invent one. It is a distance-to-distress estimate from the balance sheet, not a forecast of failure. The debt, cash-flow and return sections above carry the balance-sheet evidence this page does hold, and each of them states its own reporting date.
The safety line in one sentence: the Z-score is not available for this stock, so we say so rather than invent one.
| Company | Score | Price stage | Growth & earnings/35 | Capital efficiency/25 | Valuation/20 | Relative strength/20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1GMM Pfaudler Ltdthis pageGMMPFAUDLR | 62.7/100Mixed-positive evidence79% evidence | TURNING | 21.0/35 Revenue 13.9% · PAT 75.7% · OPM change -3 pp 95% evidence | 11.6/25 ROCE 13.6% · OPM 10% 76% evidence | 10.4/20 P/E 37.4× · PEG — 35% evidence | 19.7/20 RS sector 10.6% · RS bench 4.4% · 1Y -18.7%2 of 12 weeks ahead 100% evidence |
| Exact sum: 21 + 11.6 + 10.4 + 19.7 = 62.7 · Decision use: Balanced evidence: keep at normal research priority and require another comparable period before raising conviction. | ||||||
| 2HLE Glascoat LtdHLEGLAS | 34.5/100Adverse evidence79% evidence | ASLEEP | 12.8/35 Revenue 26.3% · PAT -45.1% · OPM change -6.3 pp 95% evidence | 10.4/25 ROCE 11.8% · OPM 7% 76% evidence | 11.3/20 P/E 57.8× · PEG — 35% evidence | 0.0/20 RS sector -16% · RS bench -21.5% · 1Y -23.5%10 of 12 weeks ahead 100% evidence |
| Exact sum: 12.8 + 10.4 + 11.3 + 0 = 34.5 · Decision use: Balanced evidence: keep at normal research priority and require another comparable period before raising conviction. | ||||||
Missing observations are not scored as bad. Their missing weight lowers confidence and pulls the final score toward neutral. PEG is not shown when the ratio cannot mean anything: the company must be making a profit, its price-to-earnings must be positive, and its three-year earnings growth must fall between 5% and 60%. Dividing a price multiple by a loss, or by growth measured off a tiny base, produces a number that looks precise and tells you nothing. Under relative strength, one mark per week shows the last 12 weeks: a mark is filled where the company led NIFTY 500 by 5% or more over the 13 weeks ending that week, which is the same test used everywhere on this site. Price stage places the company on the same six-step curve the sector itself is placed on — basing, turning, breaking out, leader, fading, asleep — read from how many weeks running it has led NIFTY 500 and whether that lead is widening or shrinking. It describes where the PRICE stands, not the earnings trajectory and not a recommendation, and it is left blank for a company whose weekly history is too short or too stale to read.
Frequently asked questions
What is GMM Pfaudler Ltd's share price today?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd trades at ₹1,045, −17.8% over the past year. The company is valued at ₹4,713 Cr. The stock sits at 54% of its 52-week range of ₹756–₹1,288, +12.0% versus its 200-day average. On the tape, the price is in a downtrend, 46 weeks in. — as of 14 August 2026.
What were GMM Pfaudler Ltd's latest quarterly results?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd reported revenue of ₹925 Cr and net profit of ₹22.0 Cr for the Jun 26 quarter. Revenue rose 16.4% and profit rose 120.0% year on year. Earnings per share were ₹5.32. The operating margin was 10.0%, 3.0 pp lower than a year earlier. — as of 14 August 2026.
What is GMM Pfaudler Ltd's revenue?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd reported revenue of ₹925 Cr in the Jun 26 quarter, +16.4% year on year. For the full FY26 fiscal year, revenue was ₹3,524 Cr (+10.2%). Over the last 10 years revenue compounded at 28.3% a year. — as of 14 August 2026.
What is GMM Pfaudler Ltd's profit?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd earned ₹22.0 Cr of net profit in the Jun 26 quarter, +120.0% year on year. Full-year FY26 profit was ₹52.0 Cr. The operating margin ran 10.0% in the latest quarter. — as of 14 August 2026.
What is GMM Pfaudler Ltd's market cap?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd's market capitalisation is ₹4,713 Cr at a share price of ₹1,045. Market cap is the share price multiplied by shares outstanding, so it is restated whenever the price moves. — as of 14 August 2026.
What is GMM Pfaudler Ltd's P/E ratio?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd trades at a P/E of 37.4×, at the 23rd percentile of its own 10-year range, against a long-run median of 42.9×. This is a comparison with the stock's own history, not a value call — as of 14 August 2026.
Does GMM Pfaudler Ltd pay a dividend?
Yes — GMM Pfaudler Ltd's dividend payout was 16% of profit in FY26, and it recorded a payout in each of its last 13 reported fiscal years. This page holds the payout ratio, not a per-share amount. — as of 14 August 2026.
Is GMM Pfaudler Ltd overvalued?
On its own history, GMM Pfaudler Ltd looks cheap: its P/E of 37.4× has been cheaper only 23% of the time in 10 years (long-run median 42.9×). That is a percentile read against the stock's own past, not a price opinion or a direction call. — as of 14 August 2026.
Is GMM Pfaudler Ltd growing?
Yes — GMM Pfaudler Ltd is growing: latest-quarter revenue +16.4% year on year, profit +120.0%, and the margin −3.0 pp at 10.0%. The 10-year compound rates are 28.3% (revenue) and 10.0% (profit). The earnings engine currently reads: improving — as of 14 August 2026.
How is GMM Pfaudler Ltd performing?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd is in a downtrend, 46 weeks in. Its latest quarter's revenue rose 16.4% and profit rose 120.0% year on year. Against the NIFTY 500 it has been ahead on a trailing-13-week view for 4 weeks. This describes what the data did, not a rating. — as of 14 August 2026.
What stage is GMM Pfaudler Ltd in?
Turning around — profit growth swung from −73.9% at the trough to +75.7%, a 3-quarter improving streak, ROCE holding at 14.0%. The read comes from the last 12 quarters of growth (revenue growth +13.9% latest, profit growth +75.7% latest, eps growth +76.3% latest) plus the ROCE curve, classified by deterministic rules — a trajectory read, not a buy or sell call — as of 14 August 2026.
Is GMM Pfaudler Ltd in an uptrend?
No — the price is in a downtrend (week 46 of stage 4), trading +12.0% versus its 200-day average and at 54% of its 52-week range. Price stages cycle base → advance → top → decline, and the stage names where this stock sits in that cycle — as of 14 August 2026.
Is GMM Pfaudler Ltd beating the market?
On recent form, yes — GMM Pfaudler Ltd has been ahead of the NIFTY 500 on a trailing-13-week view for 4 straight weeks, the same metric the week-by-week ribbon on this page draws. Separately, on the cumulative view: over the last 10.4 years the stock moved +1,188% against the NIFTY 500's +278% — ahead of the index over the full window. — as of 14 August 2026.
Will GMM Pfaudler Ltd's share price go up?
This page publishes no price forecast for GMM Pfaudler Ltd. What it measures instead: the share price is ₹1,045, the price is in a downtrend 46 weeks in. Its P/E of 37.4× sits at the 23rd percentile of its own 10-year range. — as of 14 August 2026.
Who owns GMM Pfaudler Ltd?
Promoters hold 25.2% of GMM Pfaudler Ltd, foreign institutions 14.4%, domestic institutions 18.4% and the public 42.0% (latest quarter). The biggest move on the register over the last two years: Foreign institutions cut 7.8 points over 8 quarters. — as of 14 August 2026.
Does GMM Pfaudler Ltd have too much debt?
It is moderate — GMM Pfaudler Ltd's debt-to-equity is 0.86, and operating profit covers the interest bill 3×. FY26 borrowings were ₹1,041 Cr against equity of ₹1,205 Cr. Read the returns on this page with that leverage in mind — as of 14 August 2026.
What is GMM Pfaudler Ltd's capex?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd spent ₹743 Cr on capital expenditure over the last 3 fiscal years, a figure derived from the change in fixed assets plus depreciation. In FY26 alone that was ₹498 Cr, with ₹20.0 Cr in capital work-in-progress — capacity paid for but not yet earning. — as of 14 August 2026.
What is GMM Pfaudler Ltd's cash flow?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd generated ₹389 Cr of operating cash flow in FY26 and ₹−109 Cr of free cash flow after ₹498 Cr of capital spending. Reported profit that year was ₹52.0 Cr, so operating cash ran ahead of profit. Cash-flow resolution for India is annual. — as of 14 August 2026.
Is GMM Pfaudler Ltd's profit real cash?
Yes — over the last 3 fiscal years, 386% of GMM Pfaudler Ltd's reported profit arrived as operating cash. In FY26, operating cash was ₹389 Cr against reported profit of ₹52.0 Cr. The cash then goes mostly into building capacity. Cash-flow resolution is annual — as of 14 August 2026.
Where is GMM Pfaudler Ltd in its business cycle?
GMM Pfaudler Ltd's FY26 operating margin was 11.0%, against a 13-year band of 11.0%–19.0%: the low end of its own band, which is where recoveries start when they come. The latest quarter ran 10.0%. Profitability versus a company's own long band is the cleanest cycle clock this page holds — as of 14 August 2026.
What growth does GMM Pfaudler Ltd's price assume?
At its price on 13 June 2026, GMM Pfaudler Ltd was priced for profit growth of about 32.3% a year. Profit itself has compounded 10.0% a year over the past 10 years. The figure reads the multiple backwards: the growth a buyer at that price was already paying for. — as of 14 August 2026.
What could break the GMM Pfaudler Ltd story?
The sharpest disagreement: annual EPS moved +9.2% against a −17.8% price move — the market has not yet caught up with the delivery. Mechanically, two Friday closes in a row below the 200-day average would end the price trend — that is the exit rule this page tracks — as of 14 August 2026.
Is GMM Pfaudler Ltd a stock worth studying right now?
This is not investment advice. The machine read: GMM Pfaudler Ltd's earnings have outrun its stock. EPS grew +9.2% in a year against a −17.8% price move. The sharpest open question: whether the price catches up with earnings that have already moved. Every number on this page is drawn deterministically from the raw series, with no forecasts and no price opinions — as of 14 August 2026.