Microsoft Corporation

Price story Before the numbers, the tape. A stock price moves through four repeating seasons: a flat base (stage 1), an advance (2), a top (3), a decline (4). Where the price sits in that cycle frames everything below.

Microsoft Corporation trades at $393, in a downtrend and 9 weeks into that stage. That is −9.5% against its own 200-day average. It sits at 22% of a 52-week range of $357 to $524. On relative strength it is currently behind the S&P 500 on a trailing-13-week view (9 weeks and counting).

Today the stock is in a downtrend — week 9 of stage 4. At $393 it trades −9.5% versus its 200-day average and sits at 22% of its 52-week range ($357–$524).

Against the market, two honest reads. Cumulative: over the last 10.1 years the stock moved +652% while the S&P 500 moved +248% — ahead of the index over the full window. Recent form: on a trailing-13-week view the stock is currently behind (9 weeks and counting; last ahead the week of 2026-05-29) — the ribbon below is that same metric, week by week.

What would end the trend, mechanically: two Friday closes in a row below the 200-day line. That is the exit rule — no debates.

→ The trend is one thing; the bill is another. Are you paying up for it? Next: the P/E sits at the 4th percentile of its own range.

Valuation P/E is the price of $1 of annual profit: how many dollars the market pays for each dollar the company earns in a year.

Microsoft Corporation trades at 23.4× P/E, near the bottom of its own range — cheaper only 4% of the time. Its long-run median P/E is 33.6×, measured across 4.3 years of weekly readings. This places the multiple against the stock’s own record, and says nothing about what the business is worth.

Today's P/E of 23.4× is near the bottom of its own range — cheaper only 4% of the time, against a long-run median of 33.6× measured over 4.3 years of weekly readings. This is a comparison against the stock's own history — not a claim about what it is worth.

One caveat before moving on: margins are the best this company has ever printed — cheap against its own history on record margins is not the same thing as cheap. If profitability mean-reverts, today's multiple is higher than it looks.

Why the multiple sits where it does: over the past year annual EPS moved +15.6% against a −23.4% price move — earnings outran the price, pushing the multiple DOWN its own range.

The price move, decomposed: over 3y, of the +5.1%/yr price move, ~+20.1%/yr came from earnings growth and ~−15.0 pp from the multiple (compressing). The split is the honest approximate (price return minus earnings growth); it makes the rally itself visible instead of hiding it behind the percentile.

Put together: the multiple is low against its own past, so the story rests on the earnings line underneath it, not the multiple.

→ Cheap or dear rides on the earnings. Are they actually growing? Next: the fundamental stage — where the business sits in its arc, and how growth has compounded.

Stage: Consistent Every business sits somewhere on a fundamental arc, and this page names the spot before anything else. The last twelve quarters of revenue, profit and EPS growth — plus the return the business earns on its capital — are read as curves: Deteriorating (the curves are falling), Turning around (a trough has just formed and the last few quarters lift off it), Improving (the climb off the trough is sustained), Consistent (steadily positive with healthy returns), Topping out (still high but decelerating from the peak). When the curves genuinely disagree the read is Mixed; too little history is No read. CAGR (compound annual growth rate) is the smooth yearly pace that turns the starting value into the latest one — the fairest way to compare growth across different time spans. Read the columns together: if the 1-year number towers over the 10-year, recent growth is running hotter than the long-run trend. A dash means that window is not held, or the base year was a loss (where a growth rate is not meaningful).

Microsoft Corporation reads as consistent on its fundamental arc. Consistent — revenue, profit and EPS growth have stayed positive through the window, with ROCE at 29.6% and holding. The read is built from 12 quarters across 4 curves, on full evidence.

Why it matters: steady curves with healthy returns are the compounding setup — the risk is the price, not the business.

→ The stage names the trajectory. Next: the revenue line that produces it, quarter by quarter.

4-Factor Sector Score

53.8/100 — rank 12 of 28 in Software - Infrastructure · 82% evidence confidence

Microsoft Corporation scores 53.8 out of 100 against the 28 companies it is compared with in Software - Infrastructure, ranking 12. Balanced evidence: keep at normal research priority and require another comparable period before raising conviction.

The four contributions add to the total exactly: 19.2 + 16.7 + 14.7 + 3.2 = 53.8. This is the SAME number shown on the sector comparison — it is computed once, for the whole peer set, and read here.

What would change it: The read weakens if profit growth turns negative or margin improvement reverses while sector-relative strength deteriorates.

Revenue Revenue is the top line: everything the company billed its customers in the period.

Microsoft Corporation reported $82.9 B of revenue in the Mar 26 quarter, +18.3% year on year. That is the 12th straight quarter of year-on-year growth. Over 4 years it has compounded at 13.8% a year. The last full year, FY25, came in at $282 B. The last four reported quarters add to $318 B.

Microsoft Corporation reported $82.9 B of revenue in the Mar 26 quarter, +18.3% year on year. That is the 12th straight quarter of year-on-year growth. Over 4 years it has compounded at 13.8% a year. The last full year, FY25, came in at $282 B. The last four reported quarters add to $318 B.

FY25 revenue came in at $282 B (+14.9% on the year), capping 4 years at 13.8% compound. The latest quarter (Mar 26) printed $82.9 B, +18.3% year on year — the 12th consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth.

Pace check: the last four quarters averaged +17.9% growth against the decade's 13.8% — the current year is running faster than its own long-run rate.

Acceleration check: trailing-twelve-month revenue grew +17.9% over the last 4 quarters against +16.0%/yr over the last 8 — stabilising; TTM profit +29.6% vs +20.5%/yr — accelerating.

→ Revenue grew — did margins hold as it scaled? Next: 46.3% this quarter (+0.6 pp YoY).

Operating margin Operating margin is what is left of every $100 of sales after running the business, before interest and tax. It is the cleanest read on pricing power and cost control.

Microsoft Corporation's operating margin is 46.3% in the Mar 26 quarter, +0.6 percentage points against the same quarter a year ago. That is the widest this company has ever printed on a full-year basis. Across 5 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 41.6% to 45.6%. The current quarter is running above every full year in that window.

Microsoft Corporation's operating margin is 46.3% in the Mar 26 quarter, +0.6 percentage points against the same quarter a year ago. That is the widest this company has ever printed on a full-year basis. Across 5 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 41.6% to 45.6%. The current quarter is running above every full year in that window.

The latest quarter's operating margin is 46.3%, +0.6 pp against the same quarter a year ago. Across 5 fiscal years the operating margin has ranged 41.6%–45.6%, and FY25's 45.6% is the top of that band — a record year.

Why the margin moved: operating margin went +0.6 pp year on year while gross margin went −1.1 pp — the gain came mostly from the gross line: input costs and pricing.

Worth repeating from the valuation section: cheap against its own history on record margins is not the same thing as cheap — a record margin flatters every ratio built on top of it.

→ Margins held — did that reach the bottom line? Next: profit +23.1% in the latest quarter.

Net profit Net profit is what survives every cost, interest and tax — the number EPS, dividends and book value all grow from.

Microsoft Corporation earned $31.8 B of net profit in the Mar 26 quarter, +23.1% year on year. It is the 12th consecutive quarter of growth. Full-year FY25 profit was $102 B. The 4-year compound rate is 13.5%. That is 38.3% of the quarter's revenue. The same quarter a year earlier earned $25.8 B.

Microsoft Corporation earned $31.8 B of net profit in the Mar 26 quarter, +23.1% year on year. It is the 12th consecutive quarter of growth. Full-year FY25 profit was $102 B. The 4-year compound rate is 13.5%. That is 38.3% of the quarter's revenue. The same quarter a year earlier earned $25.8 B.

Mar 26 profit was $31.8 B, +23.1% year on year — the 12th consecutive quarter of growth. On the full year, FY25 printed $102 B (+15.5%), and the 4-year compound rate is 13.5%.

Why profit moved: revenue contributed +18.3% and the margin +0.6 pp — the quarter was revenue-led, with the margin roughly flat.

Pace comparison, last four quarters: profit +29.6% vs revenue +17.9%. Profit is growing faster than sales — fixed costs are being spread over a bigger base, and each extra dollar of revenue drops more to the bottom line.

→ Profit rose — but did the cash follow? Next: 130% of the last 3 years' profit arrived as cash.

Cash flow — the router The P&L says what was earned; the cash-flow statement says what actually arrived. Operating cash flow (CFO) against profit is the cleanest lie detector in the accounts.

Over the last 3 fiscal years 130% of Microsoft Corporation's reported profit arrived as operating cash — the cash follows the profit. In FY25 that was $136 B of operating cash against $102 B of profit. After $64.5 B of capital spending, $71.6 B was left as free cash.

FY25: operating cash of $136 B against reported profit of $102 B, leaving free cash of $71.6 B after $64.5 B of capital spending. Across the last 3 fiscal years the conversion rate is 130% of profit.

Cash-flow readings here are annual — that is the resolution our series carries, so this section moves once a year.

Why: conversion is measured cleanly, but the working-capital day-counts behind it sit below what we hold — the move is shown without inventing its driver.

Router verdict: the visible cash user is investment — the next section checks what the spending is buying.

→ So follow the cash to where it goes. Next: $137 B of building over 3 years.

Where the cash goes Working capital is the cash tied up between paying suppliers and getting paid: debtor days (customers owe), inventory days (stock waits), and the cash conversion cycle (the whole loop, in days of sales).

Microsoft Corporation does not report the debtor, inventory and payable day-counts a cash cycle is built from, so this section reads the investment side instead. Capital spending ran $137 B over the last 3 years. Averaged over those years that is 16.2% of FY25 revenue a year.

Working-capital day-counts are not in our numbers for this stock, so this section reads the investment side — where the cash is being put to work.

On the investment side: capital spending of $137 B over the last 3 fiscal years.

The synthesis: the cash is going into capacity, not disappearing into the cycle — the question becomes whether the new capacity earns.

→ Does all this activity actually earn its cost of capital? Next: ROE is 34% and the ROIC − WACC spread is +17.1 pp.

Return on equity Return on equity (ROE) is the profit the business earns on its shareholders’ money. With the full capital-employed split not in our numbers, ROE is the cleanest long ladder we can draw here.

Microsoft Corporation earns a ROE of 30% in FY25. Return on invested capital clears the cost of that capital by +17.1 percentage points, so growth here adds value rather than only size. The wiring behind it is 36.1% net margin on 0.46× asset turns.

FY25 ROE is 30%.

Why the return is what it is — the wiring (FY25): 36.1% net margin × 0.46× asset turns × 1.80× balance-sheet leverage ≈ 29.9% on equity. Margin is doing the heavy lifting; leverage is a meaningful part of the equation.

The capstone test — ROIC − WACC: 27.2% − 10.1% = a +17.1 pp spread. The 10.1% is an estimate of this company's own cost of capital — read the sign and the size of the spread, not the decimals. A spread this wide means every dollar reinvested creates more than a dollar of value — the engine compounds.

→ Returns like these — is the balance sheet borrowing to make them? Next: debt-to-equity is 0.30.

Dividend A dividend is cash paid out per share. Dividend per share is the declared amount for the period; the trailing twelve-month total is the four most recent quarters added together.

Microsoft Corporation paid $3.56 per share over the last four reported quarters, up 9.6% on a year ago. The most recent declaration was $0.91 for Mar 26. Against the current price of $393 that is a trailing yield of 0.91%, measured on dividends already paid rather than on a forecast.

Microsoft Corporation paid $3.56 per share over the last four reported quarters, up 9.6% on a year ago. The most recent declaration was $0.91 for Mar 26. Against the current price of $393 that is a trailing yield of 0.91%, measured on dividends already paid rather than on a forecast.

Microsoft Corporation paid $3.56 per share across the last four reported quarters, most recently $0.91 for Mar 26. That is up 9.6% against the same quarter a year earlier. Against the current price of $393 the trailing twelve months work out to 0.91% — trailing dividends measured against today's price, not a forward estimate.

→ A payout is cash leaving the business. Next: what the balance sheet looks like behind it.

Debt Debt-to-equity says how much of the business is funded by borrowings. Low is the safe corner; the trend matters as much as the level.

Microsoft Corporation carries total debt of $57.0 B against shareholder equity of $414 B as of Mar 26, a debt-to-equity of 0.14 — effectively unlevered. On the annual view that ratio went from 0.48 in FY21 to 0.18 in FY25. The returns elsewhere on this page are therefore earned rather than borrowed.

Mar 26: total debt of $57.0 B against shareholder equity of $414 B — a debt-to-equity of 0.14. On the annual view, debt-to-equity went from 0.48 (FY21) to 0.18 (FY25). The returns on this page are earned, not borrowed.

→ Who owns this, and are they adding or leaving? Next: short interest is 1.3% of the float.

Ownership There is no quarter-by-quarter holder register to read here, so we read the crowd through short interest — the slice of tradable shares currently sold short, positioned for a fall.

1.3% of Microsoft Corporation's tradable float is currently sold short — the crowd is not positioned against this stock. At typical trading volumes those positions would take about 2.0 days to buy back. There is no quarter-by-quarter holder register to read for this filer, so the crowd is read through short interest instead.

The latest reading: 1.3% of the float is sold short, and at typical trading volumes it would take about 2.0 days to buy those positions back. The crowd is not positioned against this stock. This is a single point-in-time reading — we do not yet hold its history, so we show no trend chart.

Why it sits there: who is doing the shorting, and why, does not travel with the number — the level is shown without inventing its story.

→ One last check: does the safety math agree? Next: the balance-sheet safety line.

Safety line The Z-score estimates how far a company sits from balance-sheet distress — above roughly 3 is safe, below roughly 1.8 is the danger zone. It was built for manufacturers, so it is not applied to banks and lenders.

Microsoft Corporation: the Z-score reads 9.28. A Z-score above roughly 3 reads as safe and below roughly 1.8 as the distress zone, so this sits well clear of distress. It is a distance-to-distress estimate from the balance sheet, not a forecast of failure.

Why it matters: a Z-score of 9.28 sits well clear of the distress zone — the balance sheet is not the risk here.

The safety line in one sentence: the Z-score reads 9.28.

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